The simple answer is no.
The centripetal force is what we call an 'inertial force', as contrary to 'fundamental force'. This means there are no charges attached to it, and no field (-analogue) that propagates this force - unlike e.e. for electromagnetism and gravity.
A inertial forces originate purely in changes of your frame of reference (or 'viewpoint') and how this frame moves relative to your originating frame.
The name fictious force for this concept is also very common. To this the corresponding wikipedia-page discusses an example with a deccelerated bus, which I can only very strongly recommend to study in order to understand the concept of inertial forces.
The direction of the centripetal force is tied to the acceleration at any given moment. Any path that a massive object has through space has a curvature at every point of this path. This local curvature defines a so-called osculating circle (see below) towards which the centripetal force points. Thus, there is no way to reverse this.
(c) Wikipedia, Wiki commons license
Sorry, if this answer seems a bit vague, but I think this is the best I can do without going deeper into the math of classical mechanics that covers those topics.
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