There does not appear to be a current standard, but Veg-X is a standard that has been developed to facilitate exchange of plot-based vegetation data, and may provide the closest to what you are looking for.
Veg-X is described in Wiser et al 2011 and the project home page is http://wiki.tdwg.org/Vegetation/
From the abstract:
The exchange standard for plot-based vegetation data (Veg-X) allows
for observations of vegetation at both individual plant and aggregated
observation levels. It ensures that observations are fixed to physical
sample plots at specific points in space and time, and makes a
distinction between the entity of interest (e.g. an individual tree)
and the observational act (i.e. a measurement). The standard supports
repeated measurements of both individual organisms and plots, allows
observations of entities to be grouped following predefined or
user-defined criteria, and ensures that the connection between the
entity observed and taxonomic concept associated with that observation
are maintained.
Wiser, S.K., N. Spencer, M. De Caceres, M. Kleikamp, B. Boyle, & R.K. Peet. 2011. Veg-X -- An international exchange standard for plot-based vegetation data. Journal of Vegetation Science 22:598-609.
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