Tuesday, 4 December 2007

The other classical limit of a quantum enveloping algebra?

Let mathbbKmathbbK be a field (of characteristic 0, say), mathfrakgmathfrakg a Lie bialgebra over mathbbKmathbbK, and mathcalUmathfrakgmathcalUmathfrakg its usual universal enveloping algebra. Then the coalgebra structure on mathfrakgmathfrakg is equivalent to a co-Poisson structure on mathcalUmathfrakgmathcalUmathfrakg, i.e. a map hatdelta:mathcalUmathfrakgto(mathcalUmathfrakg)otimes2hatdelta:mathcalUmathfrakgto(mathcalUmathfrakg)otimes2 satisfying some axioms. A formal quantization of gg is a Hopf algebra mathcalUhbarmathfrakgmathcalUhbarmathfrakg over mathbbK[[hbar]]mathbbK[[hbar]] (topologically free as a mathbbK[[hbar]]mathbbK[[hbar]]-module) that deforms mathcalUmathfrakgmathcalUmathfrakg, in the sense that it comes with an isomorphism mathcalUhbarmathfrakg/hbarmathcalUhbarmathfrakgcongmathcalUmathfrakgmathcalUhbarmathfrakg/hbarmathcalUhbarmathfrakgcongmathcalUmathfrakg, and moreover that deforms the comultiplication in the direction of hatdeltahatdelta: Delta=Delta0+hbarhatdelta+O(hbar2),Delta=Delta0+hbarhatdelta+O(hbar2), where DeltaDelta is the comultiplication on mathcalUhbarmathfrakgmathcalUhbarmathfrakg and Delta0Delta0 is the (trivial, i.e. which mathfrakgmathfrakg is primitive) comultiplication on mathcalUmathfrakgmathcalUmathfrakg. This makes precise the "classical limit" criterion: "limhbarto0mathcalUhbarmathfrakg=mathcalUmathfrakglimhbarto0mathcalUhbarmathfrakg=mathcalUmathfrakg"



I am wondering about "the other" classical limit of mathcalUhbarmathfrakgmathcalUhbarmathfrakg. Recall that mathcalUmathfrakgmathcalUmathfrakg is filtered by declaring that mathbbKhookrightarrowmathcalUmathfrakgmathbbKhookrightarrowmathcalUmathfrakg has degree 00 and that mathfrakghookrightarrowmathcalUmathfrakgmathfrakghookrightarrowmathcalUmathfrakg has degree leq1leq1 (this generates mathcalUmathfrakgmathcalUmathfrakg, and so defines the filtration on everything). Then the associated graded algebra of mathcalUmathfrakg is the symmetric (i.e. polynomial) algebra mathcalSmathfrakg. On the other hand, the Lie structure on mathfrakg induces a Poisson structure on mathcalSmathfrakg, one should understand mathcalUmathfrakg as a "quantization" of mathcalSmathfrakg in the direction of the Poisson structure. Alternately, let k range over non-zero elements of mathbbK, and consider the endomorphism of mathfrakg given by multiplication by k. Then for x,yinmathfrakg, we have [kx,ky]=k(k[x,y]). Let mathfrakgk be mathfrakg with [,]k=k[,]. Then limkto0mathcalUmathfrakgk=mathcalSmathfrakg with the desired Poisson structure.



I know that there are functorial quantizations of Lie bialgebras, and these quantizations give rise to the Drinfeld-Jimbo quantum groups. So presumably I can just stick mathfrakgk into one of these, and watch what happens, but these functors are hard to compute with, in the sense that I don't know any of them explicitly. So:




How should I understand the "other" classical limit of mathcalUhbarmathfrakg, the one that gives a commutative (but not cocommutative) algebra?




If there is any order to the world, in the finite-dimensional case it should give the dual to mathcalU(mathfrakg), where mathfrakg is the Lie algebra with bracket given by the Lie cobracket on mathfrakg. Indeed, B. Enriquez has a series of papers (which I'm in the process of reading) with abstracts like "functorial quantization that respects duals and doubles".



On answer that does not work: there is no non-trivial filtered hbar-formal deformation of mathcalUmathfrakg. If you demand that the comultiplication Delta respect the filtration on mathcalUmathfrakgotimesmathbbK[[hbar]] and that Delta=Delta0+O(hbar), then the coassociativity constraints imply that Delta=Delta0.



This makes it hard to do the mathfrakgmapstomathfrakgk trick, as well. The most naive thing gives terms of degree k1 in the description of the comultiplication.

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