Tuesday, 21 April 2009

weather - What makes a really good observatory site, besides altitude?


• Not near an active or dormant volcano (but Mauna Kea seems to disprove this?). This is kinda a bummer because a lot of tall mountains seem to be volcanic.




There's nothing intrinsically wrong with dormant volcanos, as Mauna Kea and the observatories in the Canary Islands demonstrate. Not sure where you would have gotten that idea.




• Somewhere with clear and/or dry weather for as much of the year as possible




Clear weather is essential -- you can't observe when it's cloudy!



Dry weather is very good, especially for infrared observations (water vapor blocks a lot of infrared light).




• Not near major light pollution like cities




Yes.




• Cold weather is better than hot weather? Not sure I understand that; if it's uniformly hot or cold then I dont see how it makes a difference.




Cold climates tend to have drier air. (Antarctica is an extreme case.) Of course, being on top of a mountain means colder air, which is why Mauna Kea is good despite it's being in the tropics.




Am I missing any? Or are these wrong in some way?




You also want stable air with good "seeing", which rules out places with turbulent air and lots of wind (and is another reason mountaintops are good: they're usually above the most turbulent layers of the atmosphere).
Quoting from this page (which has a good discussion of the general topic):




Seeing ... requires at minimum a lack of extra turbulence at all atmospheric levels, and seems to be best satisfied in the convergence zones just outside the tropics, at latitudes about ± 30º. Also, minimal local turbulence is often associated with mountain peaks that reach into the otherwise undisturbed oceanic airflow, as on islands or coastal ranges (and given the direction of the planet's rotation, this generally favors western coast ranges).


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