A remark similar to Hailong Dao's comment under his answer:
Let be a vector bundle on . A cohomological criterion (Horrocks' criterion) states that splits if and only if for and all .
There is a little less well known criterion, due to Evans and Griffiths, which says that we only need to check the vanishing of for and all .
In particular, in the rank two case, the whole conjecture boils down to the simple claim that . Since is trivial on each "standard open" , we can describe cohomology classes in this group using explicit Cech cocycles in this covering.
In summary, it is surprising how little we know about such a simple situation!
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