Friday, 15 June 2007

dg.differential geometry - Cone angles for Riemannian metrics in polar coordinates

This is the simplest case of a question that's been bugging me for a while: say we have a Riemannian metric in polar coordinates on a (2-d) surface:
g=dr2+f2(r, θ)dθ2, such that the θ parameter runs from 0 to 2π. Assume that f is a smooth function on (0,∞)X S1 such that f(0, θ)=0.



Define the cone angle at the pole to be
$ C=lim_{rrightarrow 0^{+}} frac{L(partial B(r))}{r} $, where B(r) is the geodesic disc of radius r centered at the origin. Then it's fairly easy to see(by switching into Cartesian coordinates) that a necessary condition for the metric to be smooth is that C=2π. If C<2π, there is a cone point at the origin. One can write out a cone metric, and show that the triangle inequality holds, so there is a singular metric, but which still induces a metric space structure.



Now, if C>2π, it seems pretty clear that we'll end up with a space which violates the triangle inequality; it will be shorter to take a broken segment through the origin than to follow the shortest geodesic(in the sense of a curve γ(t) such that Dγ'γ'=0.) One can show this directly for some simple cases, eg a flat metric with a cone angle greater than 2π.



But there must be an elementary proof of the general case! I can't seem to find one though, and I spent the afternoon playing around with the Topogonov and Rauch comparison estimates to no avail. The basic problem I'm having is that the cone angle condition is essentially a condition on metric balls, but we expect a violation of the triangle inequality, which is a condition on distances.



This is not really related to anything I'm working on, but it's driving me crazy, so I'd appreciate any insight.

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