human biology - Is the protein in teardrops still attached to cells, or is it released and free-flowing?

I am not sure I understand your question.

According to the article you mention the proteins in teardrops kill the bacteria which are invading the eye (e.g. also present in the teardrops):

"Those jaws chew apart the walls of the bacteria that are trying to
get into your eyes and infect them,"

EDIT: These proteins are enzymes called lysozymes. Those are free-flowing proteins of the human tears. These proteins are actively produces in the lacrimal glands and actively secreted into the lacrimal liquid.