offensive language - What term describes enjambment alluding to a taboo word?

First of all, 'enjambment' is a technical word used when describing poetry.

In poetry, enjambment or enjambement is the breaking of a syntactic unit (a phrase, clause, or sentence) by the end of a line or between two verses.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enjambment

An example of a Mind Rhyme is given in Wikipedia:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind_Rhyme

One very hot day in the summer last year

A young man was seen swimming round Brighton Pier;

He dived underneath it and swam to a rock

And amused all the ladies by shaking his

Fist at a copper who stood on the shore,
The very same copper who copped him before.
For the policeman to order him out was a farce,
For the cheeky young man simply showed him his

Graceful manoeuvres and wonderful pace...[3]

The missing word in the first verse is of course - cock - and in the second verse - arse.

The missing word, which is a rude word is not spoken out loud. So it is a way of saying something rude without saying something rude.

Subverted Rhyme

http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/SubvertedRhymeEveryOccasion

Para: We are villains who like to rhyme...
Dox: In fact, we do it all the time.
Para: You may think it's rather crass...
Dox: But you can stick your cards right up your nose.
Para: ...You were supposed to say "ass," brother. I thought we rehearsed this.

Again, the rude word is 'ass' or 'arse'.

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trope [trəʊp]
n
1. (Literature / Rhetoric) Rhetoric a word or expression used in a figurative sense
2. (Music, other) an interpolation of words or music into the plainsong settings of the Roman Catholic liturgy

To answer the question

Is "Miss Susie" a mind rhyme?

Yes and No

I am not particularly familiar with Miss Susie. I think part of a idea is that people are already thinking of different versions when they hear the first version.

Is there a literary or poetic term for this usage of enjambment?

If I was a Moderator I might consider doing something with this question. Because it is not really a question at all, but more of an excuse for the person asking the question to show off their knowledge.

Enjambment is a literary or poetic term. What more do you want?

A mind rhyme based on enjambment.

It is a mistake to imagine there is a corresponding single word to describe everything that exists in the known universe.