I made a passing comment under Max Alekseyev's cute answer to this question and Pete Clark suggested I raise it explicitly as a different question. I cannot give any motivation for it however---it was just a passing thought. My only motivation is that it looks like fairly elementary number theory but I don't know the answer.
OK so one problem raised in the question linked to above was "prove there are no solutions to 3n−2m=413n−2m=41 in non-negative integers" and Aleksevev's answer was "go mod 60". It was remarked afterwards that going mod 601 or 6553 would also nail it. For example, modulo 6553 (which is prime), 3 has order 39, 2 has order 117, but none of the 39 values of 3n−413n−41 modulo 6553 are powers of 2 modulo 6553.
My question (really just a passing remark) is:
Is there an integer tt such that the equation 3n−2m=t3n−2m=t has no solutions in non-negative integers mm, nn, but for which there are solutions modulo NN for all Ngeq1Ngeq1? (By which of course I mean that for each Ngeq1Ngeq1 the equation is satisfied mod NN for some integers m,ngeq0m,ngeq0 depending on NN; I am not suggesting that mm and nn be taken modulo NN or are independent of NN).
This for me looks like a "Hasse principle" sort of thing---in general checking congruences doesn't give enough information about solvability of the polynomial in integers and there are many examples of such phenomena in mathematics. As exponential Diophantine equations are harder than normal ones I would similarly expect the Hasse Principle to fail here, but others seemed to be more optimistic.
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