Things such as software and workbooks are included in the textbook packages, which causes a significant increase in price.
John Lawler has given a comprehensive analysis of the sentence structure, but for those not familiar with terms like "non-restrictive relative clause", there is a simpler explanation that might make more immediate sense.
It isn't the software or the workbooks that cause the increase in price, it's the fact of their inclusion in the packages that causes it. So, when determining the entity that "which" connects back to, you should see that invisible word "fact" as replacing everything in the first part of the sentence, and then you can see that it must be singular. To make it even clearer, mentally re-write it as The fact that things such as software and workbooks are included in the textbook packages causes...
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